{"id":1207,"date":"2020-03-12T17:35:54","date_gmt":"2020-03-12T21:35:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nuclearphysicslab.com\/npl\/?page_id=1207"},"modified":"2020-03-18T15:09:01","modified_gmt":"2020-03-18T19:09:01","slug":"deuterated-target-preparation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.nuclearphysicslab.com\/npl\/npl-home\/experiments\/deuterated-target-preparation\/","title":{"rendered":"Deuterated Target Preparation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Author: Tim<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Several of the cyclotron experiments have been based on its ability to generate neutrons from the D-D reaction. This paper has more details about cyclotron’s neutron production<\/a>, however this page outlines the details in making the deuterated targets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Three samples of titanium, a 1\/8-inch thick piece, 0.010 thick, and portion of a 3\/8 Ti bolt.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Samples line up inside a quartz tube placed within a clam-shell tube furnace.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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The quartz tube is part of an UHV vacuum system that gets into the 10E-6Torr range.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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The tube furnace can then heat the samples as high as 1000 celsius. Under high vacuum, adsorbed gases are driven out over 5 hours of heating at about 900 degrees C.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
Then the fun part: While hot and under vacuum, introduce the deuterium gas up to a little more than one atmosphere (to ensure positive pressure and now backfill of air). I use a bubble at the end of a check valve to ensure continuous flow ~1 bubble per second or so.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
Once at an atmosphere, shut off the tube furnace, open it, drop it down and back it away.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
Let the samples cool while in the pure deuterium environment.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
This cooling takes about five to ten minutes.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
Once at an atmosphere, shut off the tube furnace, open it, drop it down and back it away.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
Once at an atmosphere, shut off the tube furnace, open it, drop it down and back it away.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
At first there is not much of a difference in appearance.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
At a few hundred degrees C, sounds can be heard coming from the samples. The can best be described as “tink tink tinking” as they cool. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
Then pretty drastic physical changes occur near the final stages. Swelling, splintering, cracking, crinkling and buckling.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
The samples grow about 10% in each direction, and all gain considerable mass too, indicating about 200 atomic percent or more capture – that is for every titanium atom, there are two or more deuterium atoms captured.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
Top view of the mounting of the thin target on the end of the 12-Inch Cyclotron’s radial probe.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
Side view of the mounting of the thin target on the end of the 12-Inch Cyclotron’s radial probe. The titanium sheets distortion is obvious here.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Author: Tim Several of the cyclotron experiments have been based on its ability to generate neutrons from the D-D reaction. This paper has more details about cyclotron’s neutron production, however this page outlines the details in making the deuterated targets.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1215,"parent":545,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"advanced-sidebar-menu\/link-title":"","advanced-sidebar-menu\/exclude-page":false},"categories":[55,18,37],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nuclearphysicslab.com\/npl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1207"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nuclearphysicslab.com\/npl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nuclearphysicslab.com\/npl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nuclearphysicslab.com\/npl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nuclearphysicslab.com\/npl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1207"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"http:\/\/www.nuclearphysicslab.com\/npl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1207\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2162,"href":"http:\/\/www.nuclearphysicslab.com\/npl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1207\/revisions\/2162"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nuclearphysicslab.com\/npl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/545"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nuclearphysicslab.com\/npl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1215"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nuclearphysicslab.com\/npl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1207"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nuclearphysicslab.com\/npl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1207"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nuclearphysicslab.com\/npl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1207"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}